Importance of cleaning and disinfection in the hospital area for the control of nosocomial infections

Abstract

Several pathogenic agents can remain in the environment and on inert surfaces. There are studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of cleaning in hospital centers in order to avoid nosocomial infections. When cleaning, it is important to use the appropriate technique, with the recommended frequency and sanitize with soap and water to later disinfect. The risk of direct transmission of a nosocomial infection through an inert surface is minimal, but it can contribute to secondary cross-contamination through the hands of healthcare personnel or instruments in contact with these surfaces. That is why the hygiene of workers' hands, and the hygiene and disinfection of surfaces, is of extreme importance. The main function of cleaning is the removal of dust, stains and visible debris. This process helps reduce the microbial load on hospital surfaces. A suitable cleaning product must be able to emulsify and saponify fats, remove dirt and dissolve proteins. To carry out cleaning, there are two essential products: soap and detergent. As for disinfection products, the main one used is sodium hypochlorite, as well as ethyl and isopropyl alcohol, which can be used on surfaces, instruments or medical equipment by rubbing. Each institution must have its own guidelines for cleaning and disinfection, as well as knowing which germs are prevalent through a microbiological profile.